Explosion-turbine.



No. 820,238. PATENTED MAY 8, 1906 A. L. MOSS.

EXPLOSION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAlLlT. 1005.

4 $HBETS- SHEET 1 No. 820,238. PATENTED MAY 8, 1906.

A. L. MOSS.

EXPLOSION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAE.17. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES. INVENTOR g y uszusllyfioss I ATTOFNEV I PATENTED MAY 8, 1906.

A. L. MOSS. EXPLOSION TURBINE. ATPLIOATION FILED MAR. 17. 1905.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

INVENTOR vfzyusZusL Mass wx 'A/ESSES UNITED sTAgEs "iPA r NT OFFIGE.

AUGUSTUS L. nose, or sANEtrsKY, oino.

EXPLOSlON-TURBiNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 17,1905. Serial No. 250,523.

new and improved explosion-whine in which impact impulses are given inquick succession to the turbine-wheel at different points of itsperiphery to insure a uniform and powerful running of the turbine.

The invention consists of novel features and parts and combinations ofthe same, as will be more fully described hereinafter and then pointedout in the claims.

A'practical embodiment of the invention is represented in theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in whichsimilar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all theviews.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectionalside elevation of the mechanism for actuating the controllingvalves inthe nozzles of the explosion-chambers. Fig. 3 is a sectional sideelevation of,

the improvement. Fig.- 4 is a plan view of one of the explosion devices.Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-section of the improvement on the line 5 5of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of part of theimprovement, showing one of the explosion devices in an exhaustingposition; Fig, 7 is a cross-section of the improvement on the line 7 7of Fig. 3, illustrating one of the exhausts; and Fig. 8 is adiagrammatic view of the igniting devices.

On a suitablyconstructed frame A is mounted a turbine-cylinder B, inwhich is arranged to rotate a turbine-wheel C, having peripheral'bucketsC and secured on a shaft D, jo urnaled in suitable bearings held onstandards A, forming part of the main frame A. Around theturbine-cylinder B are grouped a plurality of spaced explosioncylindersE, E, E and E 'for giving impact impulses in quick succession to theturbinewheel C at different dpoints of its periphery to insure a uniforman powerful running of the turbine.

Each of the explosion-cylinders E, E, E and E consists, essentially, ofan explosionchamber F, secured to or forming part of theturbine-cylinder B and being preferably in the form of a cylinder, theaxis of which is disposed radially to the axis of the turbine wheel O.From the inner end of the explosion-chambcr F extends a nozzle G fordischarging the exploded charge against the buckets C of theturbine-wheel O to rotate the latter in the direction of the arroiv a,and in the nozzleGis arranged a valve H for opening and closing thenozzle G at the proper time and as hereinafter more fully described.

In the explosion-chamber F is mounted to reciprocate a piston 1,controlled from the turbine-wheel O and serving to draw in theexplosivecharge and to compress the same previous to igniting the charge, ashereinafter more-fully explained.

Adjacent to the inner end of the explosion chamber F are arrangedages-chamber J and an air-chamber J, of which the chamber J is connectedby a pipe J 2 with a suitable gassupply, while the other chamber J isprovided with an airinlet pipe J The chambers J and J are connected withthe inner end of the explosion-chamber F by spring-pressed valves K andK, respectively, adapted to open inwardly on the piston 1 movingoutwardly during the suction-stroke and during the time the pistonLis atthe end of its inward strokeand after the explosion has taken place (seeFig. 6) to allow air and gas to rush into the inner end of theexplosion-chamber to clean the latter of the products of combustion,sufficient suction being produced in the inner end of the cylinder bythe action of the rotating turbine-wheel O.

In the inner end of the explosion-chamber F is arranged an electricigniting device L for igniting the compressed charge at the proper time,and atthe same time the valve H moves suddenly into an open position.

In order to reciprocate the piston I in the cylinder F, the followingdevice is provided: On the outer end of the piston-rod I of the piston Iis secured a cross-head P, from which extend rods 1 mounted to slide insuitable bearings and provided at their inner ends with friction-rollersI, engaging the eccentric camrooves of cams 1", secured to the mainshaft D on opposite sides of the cylinder B, as plainly illustrated inFig. 5. When the turbine-wheel O is rotating, then the cams I rotatewith the shaft D, and consequently impart a sliding motion to the rods 1and to cause the cross-heads I and piston-rods I to impart. areciprocating motion to the pistons I in the explosion-chambers F of theseveral cylinders E, E, E and E As the pistons I Patented May 8, 1906.

' mally closed into an open position.

of the several cylinders E, E, E and E are actuated from the same cams,it is evident that the pistons I are actuated in the proper successionto cause successive compression of the charges in the severalexplosion-chambers previous to their ignition. During the time theignition takes place in cylinders E, E, E or E the corresponding pistonI is automatically locked against movement, and for this purpose thefollowing arrangement is made: The cross-head I for each piston I isadapted to be engaged by a locking-catch N, secured on a shaft N,journaled in suitable bearings on the outer end of the explosion-chamberF, and the said catch N is normally held out of the path of thecross-head I by a spring N On the'shaft N is secured a crank-arm Nadapted to be engaged by a cam N fixed on one of the rods 1 so that'whenthe piston I moves inward and about reaches the end of its inward strokethen the cam N acts on the crank-arm N to impart a swinging motion tothe shaft N and to the catch N to engage the latter with a cross-head Ito hold the latter, andconsequently the piston I, against returnmovement. When the piston I is on the return or o utward stroke, the camN moves out of engagement with the crank-arm N thus releasing the shaftN and the catch N, which latter is immediately pulled back into aninactive position by its spring N The latch N holds the piston Itemporarily against outward movement, so that the force of the explosionis taken up by the latch and not by the cam I and shaft D. The valve Hin the nozzle G of each explosion-cylinder E, E, E and E is preferablyin the form of a cylindrical rocking valve, and in order to open andclose the said valvein unison with the movement of the correspondingpiston I the following device is provided: On the outer end of the stemH of the valve H is secured an arm H pulled on at one end by a spring Hand pivotally connected at its other end by a link H with a rod Hmounted to slide radially in suitable bearings and abutting with itsinner end on the peripheral face of a cam H, secured on the main shaftD. The cam H is provided with an abrupt portion H so that whentheturbine isrunning and the shaft D and cam H turn in the direction of thearrow 0/ then the abrupt portion H comes successively opposite the innerends of the rods H to allow the latter to slide suddenly inwardly, owingto the action of the springs H to turn the valve H from a nor- Thisaction takes place at the time the piston I is in its locked positionnear the innermost end ofthe cylinder immediately before the explosionof the charge has taken lace in the explosion-chamber F. Thus w en theexplosion takes place the valve H is open and the exploded c arge passesthrough the nozzle G against the buckets O of the turbine-wheel C torotate the latter in the direction of the arrow a. The valve H remains 0en after the explosion has taken place an during the time the piston Ichanges from near the end of its downstroke to the beginning of itsupstroke, so that the buckets C, passing the terminal of the nozzle F,cause a suction in the inner end of the explosion-chamber F for thevalves K and K to open. When this takes place, the inrushing gas and aircompletely clears the inner end of the chamber F of the products ofcombustion, which rush through the open valve H and nozzle G into theturbine-cylinder B. As soon as the inner end of the ex losion-chamber iscleared of the products 0 combustion the valve H immediately closes andremains closed until the next explosion is to take place. Theproducts'of combustion which pass by Way of the nozzle G into thecylinder. B finally reach exhaust-chambers B, formed in the cylinderbetween adjacentexplosion devices, the beginning of a chamber B being adistance from the terminal of the preceding nozzle G, as will be readilyunderstood by reference to Fi 3.

The products of combustion can pass from the chambers B to ports a inthe hub of the turbine-wheel C and the shaft D into the hollow ortion Dof the shaft, (see Fig. 5,) and this ollow portion is provided near itsouter end with ports 6, opening into a chamber P, surroundin the shaftD, and having an exhaust-pipe I for carrying off the products ofcombustion to a suitable place. The chambers B extend around the rim ofthe Wheel C to allow the gases to reach the ports a.

Each ignition device L is provided with spaced electrodes L and Lconnected by wires L and L with an induction-coil L connected with asuitable source of electrical energy 0, such as a battery, as indicatedin Fig. 8. The circuit-breaker Q for each induction-coil L consists offlexible contactplates Q and Q of which the contact-plate Q is connectedby a wire Q with the induction-coil L and the other contact-plate isconnected by a wire Q with an armature-lever for the induction-coil LNormally the contact-plates Q and Q are in an 0 en position, and one ofthe contact-p ates-as shown, the contact-plate Qis adapted to be engagedby an arm Q attached to one of the rods I preferably at the cam N sothat when the piston I moves into an innermost osition the arm Q pressesthe contactlate a and moves the same in contact wit the other plate Q toclose the circuit, thus causing the induction-coil L to send a currentthrough the wires L and L and the electrodes L and L ,With a sparkpassing from one electrode L to the other electrode L Thus it will beseen that when the piston I is moved into an innermost position andcompresses the previously drawn-in charge the IIC saaass explosivecharge is ignited by the spark referred to, and the force of theexplosive charge is exerted against the buckets C, as previously exlained, to rotate the turbine-wheel C in the irection of the arrow a Ido not limit myself to the particular arrangement of. igniting devicesabove described, as the same may be varied without deviating from thespirit of my invention.

The operation is as follows: When the machine is running and the severalparts are in the position illustrated in Fig. 5:, then an explosion hastaken place in the explosion-cylinder E to turn the turbine-wheel C inthe direction of the arrow a, while in the explosion-cylinder E thepiston I is moving inward to compress the previously drawn-in chargewhile in the explosion-cylinder E the piston I is at the end of itssuctionstrokethat is, has drawn into the explosion-chamber F the desiredmixture of gas and air. In the explosion-cylinder E the piston I is atthe beginning of the suction-stroke, and in all three cylinders E, E andE the valve H is in a closed position. As the turbine-wheel C rotatesthe valve H in the explosion-cylinder I gradually gradually closes, andabout the time this takes place an explosion takes place in theexplosion-cylinder E, so as to give another impulse to the turbine-wheelC, it being understood that when this explosion takes place in theexplosion-cylinder E its valve H opens suddenly to direct the chargeagainst the buckets C, as above explained. During the final compressionof the charge and the ignition and explosion of the charge in theexplosion-cylinder E compression takes place in the cylinder E and atthe end of the compression period the mixture is ignited in the cylinderE so that another impulse is given to the turbine-wheel C. In a likemanner a final impulse is given to the wheel C shortly after by theexploded charge in the explosion-cylinder E and then the next impulse isgiven to the wheel by the explosion from the explosion-cylinder E tocomplete the cycle. Thus it will be seen that during each revolution ofthe turbine-wheel C four successive impulses are given to the buckets Cin quick succession to insure a uniform and powerful running of theturbine.

The explosion-chambers F of the several explosioncylinders E, E, E and Eare preferably water-jacketed, as indicated in the drawings, and thecylinder B is likewise preferably water-jacketed to keep the turbine atthe proper temp ature.

Having thus. escribed my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, aturbine-wheel mounted to turn in said cylinder and provided withperipheral buckets, an explosion-chamber having a disagainst the bucketsin the direction of rotaplosion period.

2. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, a turbine-wheel mountedto turn in said cylinder and provided with peripheral buckets, anexplosion-chamber having a discharge-nozzle for discharging a motiveagent against the buckets in the direction of rotation of theturbine-wheel, a piston in the explosion-chamber controlled from saidturbinewheel for drawing in an explosive charge and for compressing thesame previous to ignition, a valve in said nozzle for opening andclosing the latter, and means operated by the piston-operating means forlocking the piston during the explosion period.

3. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, a turbine-wheel mountedto turn in said cylinder and provided with peripheral buckets, anexplosion-chamber having a discharge-nozzle for discharging a motiveagent against the buckets in the direction of rotation of theturbine-Wheel, a piston in the explosion chamber controlled from saidturbine-wheel for drawing in an explosive charge and for compressing thesame previous to ignition, means operated by the piston-operating meansfor locking the piston during the explosion period, and a valveoperating in conjunction with said piston and opening qui kly at the endof the compression period of said piston.

4. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, a turbine-wheel mountedto turn in said cylinder and provided with peripheral buckets, anexplosion-chamber having a discharge-nozzle for discharging a motiveagent against the buckets in the direction of rotation of theturbine-wheel, a piston in the explosion-chamber controlled from saidturbine-wneel for drawing in an explosive charge and for compressing thesame previous to ignition, means operated by the piston-operating meansfor locking the piston during the explosion period, and a valveoperating in conjunction with the said piston and opening quickly at theend of the compression period of said piston and remaining open untilafter the beginning of the return stroke of the piston whereby theturbine-wheel may create a suction in the said working chamber to clearthe same of the products of combustion.

5. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, a turbine wheel havingperipheral buckets and arranged to turn in said cylinder, anexplosion-chamber having a nozzle for discharging a motive agent againstthe buckcharge-nozzle for discharging amotive agent l ets of theturbine-wheel, a piston reciprocating in the said explosion-chamber andcontrolled from said il'LlIblllQJVllGQl, means for supplying saidexplosion-011amber with an explosive charge, an ignition device forignitmg the said explosive charges, means operinder, a turbine-wheelhaving buckets and mounted to turn in said cylinder, anexplos1on-chamber having a nozzle for discharging a motive agent againstthe buckets of the turi bine-whecl, a piston reciprocating in the saidexplosion-chamber and controlled irom the said turbine-wheel, means forsupplying the said explosion-chamber with an explosive charge, a valvemthe said nozzle and operat ing in unison with said piston, an automatici locking device for said piston, and means whereby the piston-operatingmeans may control the operation of said locking device. 7. Anexplosion-turbine, comprising a cylinder, a turbine wheel havingperipheral buckets mounted to turn in the said cylinder, a plurality ofexplosion-cylinders spaced apart from each other and grouped around thesaid cylinder, each explosion-cylinder comprising aneXplosion-chamberhaving a nozzle for discharging an explosive charge against said bucketsmeans for supplying an explosive charge to said explosion-chamber,

an igniting device in the explosion-chamber,

a reciprocating piston in the explosion-chamber for drawing in anexplosive charge and for compressing the same immediately previous tothe ignition of the charge by said igniting device, means connected withthe turbine-wheel for operating the piston, and means operated by thepiston-operating means for locking the piston during the explosionperiod.

8. An explosion-turbine, comprising a cylinder, a turbine-wheel havingperipheral buckets mounted to turn in the said cylinder a plurality ofexplosion cylinders spaced I i i E a l i l I l l l l I g i J 1' apartfrom each other and grouped around said cylinder, eachexplosion-cylinder comprising an explosion-chamber and having a nozzlefor discharging an explosive charge against the said buckets, means forsupplyingan explosive charge to said explosionchamber, an ignitingdevice in the explosionchamber, a reciprocating piston in the saidexplosion-chamber for drawing in a charge and compressing the sameimmediately previous to the ignition of the charge by said ignitingdevice, means connected with the turbine-whecl for operating the piston;means operated by the piston-operating means for locking the, pistonduring the explosion period, and an automatic valve in saiddischarge-nozzle.

9. An explosion-turbine comprising a cylinder, a turbine wheel havingperipheral buckets and mounted to turn in the cylinder, a plurality ofexplosion cylinders spaced apart from each other and grouped around thecylinder, each explosion-cylinder comprising an explosion-chamber havinga nozzle for discharging an explosive charge against said buckets, meansfor supplying the explosive charge to said explosion-chamber, anigniting device in the explosion-chamber, a reciprocating piston in thesaid explosionchamber for drawing in a charge and compressing the sameimmediately previous to the ignition of the charge by said ignitingdevice, means for locking the piston against movement during theexplosion period, an automatic valve in said discharge-nozzle, means foroperating the said piston, and the said valve in unison from theturbine-wheel,

and means whereby the piston-operating means may operate the lockingdevice.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

AUGUSTUS L. MOSS.

Witnesses:

H. L. PEEKE, J OHN, H. IMMEL.

